Engineering Surveying (Theory Portion Only)
1. Introduction to Surveying
1.4. Classification of Surveying
We can classify survey on the basis of curvature of earth, nature of field, purpose of survey and instrument used.
The various classification of survey are as follows:
I. On the basis of curvature of earth
a. Plane Survey
- Curvature of earth is ignored.
- If survey area is less than 260 km2.
b. Geodetic survey
- Curvature of earth is considered.
- If survey area is greater than 260 km2.
II. On the basis of nature of field
a. Land survey
- Survey carried on the land surface
- Further classified into topographical survey, cadastral survey and city survey
b. Hydrographic survey
- Survey carried out for study of large water bodies
c. Astronomical survey
- Survey carried out for study of bodies to determine location and direction of any line on the earth surface
III. On the basis of purpose of survey
- Engineering survey
- Reconnaissance survey
- Preliminary survey
- Location survey
- Military survey
- Mine survey
- Geological survey
- Archeological survey
IV. On the basis of instrument used
- Chain survey
- Compass survey
- Plain table survey
- Levelling
- Theodolite survey
- Tacheometric survey
- Triangulation survey
- Aerial survey
- Photogrammetric survey